ILR vs British citizenship: what’s the difference?
Quick answer
- ILR lets you live and work in the UK permanently, but it is still immigration status.
- British citizenship is nationality: a British passport and the right of abode.
- ILR can lapse if you leave the UK for 2 years or more. Citizenship can’t lapse that way.
These are UK-wide immigration rules.
What is ILR (indefinite leave to remain)?
ILR means you are settled in the UK. You can live, work and study without time limits. But you keep your original nationality and travel on that passport.
People under the EU Settlement Scheme may have settled status, which is similar.
Can you lose ILR?
Yes:
- if you spend 2 years or more continuously outside the UK
- in limited cases, after certain criminal convictions or if ILR was obtained by deception
Long trips abroad
If you have been away for a long time, get advice before returning to the UK.
What does British citizenship give you?
- a British passport
- the right of abode: no immigration control
- the right to vote in all UK elections
- status that does not lapse if you live abroad
British citizenship requirements
To naturalise, you usually need to:
- have lived in the UK for the required time, within limits on absences
- have held ILR for 12 months (not needed if married to a British citizen)
- pass the Life in the UK test
- meet the English language requirement
- be of good character
Tip
Good character catches many people out: past immigration problems, unpaid fines or undeclared convictions can lead to refusal, and the fee is usually not refunded.
FAQs
Do I have to become British?
No. Many people stay on ILR. Check whether your home country allows dual nationality first.
Can I apply for citizenship straight after getting ILR?
Usually you wait 12 months, unless you are married to a British citizen.
What is the Life in the UK test?
A computer-based test about British life, history and values, taken at an approved centre.
Thinking about citizenship?
We check your eligibility and help you avoid good character problems. See our immigration services or contact us.
This article is general information about the law at the date of publication. It is not legal advice and should not be relied on for your situation. The law and Home Office or court procedures may change. Please contact us for advice on your circumstances.
